IMMIGRATION UPDATE – January 3, 2022
HEADLINES
INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL / VISA STAMPING
1. Restrictions on Travelers From Southern African Countries Lifted December 31, 2021 – Affected countries include Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
2. U.S. Passport Fees Rose December 27 – The fee for a U.S. passport book increased by $20, the Department of State announced.
3. CBP Confirms Lifting of Temporary Travel Restrictions Between the United States and Canada, Mexico – U.S. Customs and Border Protection published notices on December 23, 2021, announcing the lifting on November 8, 2021, of temporary restrictions that applied to non-essential travel by fully vaccinated travelers with proof of COVID-19 vaccination status entering via land ports and ferry service along the U.S. borders with Canada and Mexico.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE – CONSULAR
4. State Dept. Proposes Raising Consular Service Fees for Nonimmigrant and Special Visas – The Department of State has proposed raising fees for consular services for several nonimmigrant visa application processing fees, the Border Crossing Card for Mexican citizens age 15 and over, and the waiver of the two-year residency requirement fee for certain J exchange visitors.
5. State Dept. Expands Waivers of In-Person Interviews for Certain Temporary Nonimmigrant Visa Applicants – The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Department of Homeland Security, has authorized consular officers to waive the in-person interview requirement for certain temporary employment nonimmigrant visa applicants who have a petition approved USCIS.
6. State Dept. Updates Guidance on F-1, M-1 Student Intent to Depart and Residence Abroad Requirements – The Department of State updated its Foreign Affairs Manual on intent to depart and residence abroad requirements for F-1 and M-1 students. The guidance may also be useful for J-1 exchange visitors and Afghan scholars.
7. State Dept. Changes DV-2022 (Diversity Visa Lottery) Document Submission Processing Requirements –Once the DS-260 immigrant visa application is received for all applicants associated with a case, that case will be eligible to be scheduled for a visa interview.
USCIS ADJUDICATIONS
8. Certain Healthcare Workers Can Request Expedited Work Permits, USCIS Says – Qualified healthcare workers who have pending employment authorization document (EAD) renewal applications and EADs that will expire in 30 days or less, or that have already expired, can request expedited processing of the EAD application.
9. USCIS Extends Flexibilities for Responding to Certain Agency Requests, such as Requests for Additional Evidence (RFEs) – The flexibilities apply if the issuance date listed on the request, notice, or decision is between March 1, 2020, and March 26, 2022, inclusive. USCIS said it will consider a response to such requests and notices received within 60 calendar days after the response due date set in the request or notice before taking any action.
10. USCIS Releases Fourth-Quarter Data Showing Persistent Backlogs, Some Progress – USCIS released fourth-quarter fiscal year (FY) 2021 reports offering a snapshot of statistics for the entire fiscal year.
11. DHS Withdraws H-1B Selection Final Rule – Following a related action by the Department of Labor in response to a court order, the DHS withdrew a rule that would have changed the way USCIS selects H-1B registrations submitted by prospective petitioners seeking to file an H-1B cap-subject petition by ranking and selecting registrations based generally on corresponding wage levels.
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
12. Labor Dept. Implements Court Order Vacating Prevailing Wage Final Rule – The vacated rule amended regulations governing the prevailing wages for employment opportunities that U.S. employers seek to fill with foreign workers on a permanent or temporary basis through certain employment-based visas or through H-1B, H-1B1, or E-3 nonimmigrant visas.
LEGISLATION
13. Immigration Provisions of Social Spending Bill in Limbo as Senate Democrats Struggle With Parliamentarian Rejections, Uncertainties – Lawmakers struggled to consider their options, including revisions to the immigration provisions or simply moving ahead without parliamentarian approval.
I-9 / WORKSITE ENFORCEMENT
14. DHS Extends I-9 Flexibility to April 30, 2022 – DHS extended the flexibility policy in complying with certain physical inspection requirements related to Form I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification, until April 30, 2022.
15. Justice Dept. Adjusts Certain Immigration-Related Penalties on Employers – The Department of Justice has adjusted for inflation the civil monetary penalties assessed after December 13, 2021, for violations occurring after November 2, 2015.
H-2A AGRICULTURAL WORKERS
16. Labor Dept. Issues H-2A FAQ on Wage Disclosure and Calculation Requirements for Agricultural Clearance Orders – The Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration has released a set of frequently asked questions related to the wage disclosure and calculation requirements for agricultural clearance orders, including in the H-2A temporary labor certification program.
17. Smuggling, Forced Labor Ring Busted in Indictment – Two dozen defendants were indicted on federal conspiracy charges after a transnational, multi-year investigation into an alleged human smuggling and labor trafficking operation that illegally imported agricultural workers from Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, fraudulently using the H-2A visa program, and kept them in brutal conditions on Georgia farms.
18. Labor Dept. Issues Final Rule on Adjudication of H-2A Applications for Temporary and Seasonal Range Workers for Herding and Production of Livestock – Effective January 18, 2022, the Department of Labor is amending its regulations regarding the adjudication of temporary need for employers seeking to employ nonimmigrant workers for herding or production of livestock on the range.
19. Labor Dept. Issues 2022 Adverse Effect Wage Rates for H-2A Range, Non-Range Occupations – The Department of Labor published the 2022 Adverse Effect Wage Rates for the employment of temporary or seasonal workers to perform range (herding or production of livestock) and non-range agricultural labor or services.
H-2B SEASONAL WORKERS
20. For First Time, DHS to Supplement H-2B Cap With Additional Visas in First Half of Fiscal Year – The Departments of Homeland Security (DHS) and Labor (DOL) announced a forthcoming joint temporary final rule to make available an additional 20,000 H-2B temporary nonagricultural worker visas for FY 2022. These visas will be set aside for U.S. employers seeking to employ additional workers on or before March 31, 2022.
21. OFLC Reminds Employers That H-2B Filing Window Started January 1 – The filing window opened on January 1, 2022, for employers of H-2B workers to submit Form ETA-9142B, Application for Temporary Employment Certification, with appendices, requesting work start dates of April 1, 2022, or later. OFLC warned that H-2B applications requesting an April 1, 2022, work start date will be denied if they were filed before January 1, 2022.
DETAILS
1. Restrictions on Travelers From Southern African Countries Lifted
Temporary travel restrictions the Biden administration imposed in November on foreign travelers from South Africa and seven other countries in the region, due to the spread of the Omicron variant of COVID-19, were lifted on December 31, 2021, following recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition to South Africa, the other countries include Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, and Zimbabwe. A related Presidential Proclamation noted, among other things, that “scientific experts have determined that people who are vaccinated against COVID-19 are protected against severe disease and hospitalization from the Omicron variant. Moreover, the Omicron variant has now spread to more than 100 countries, and it is prevalent in the United States.”
People traveling from South Africa and the other seven countries will now need to meet the same requirements as other foreign travelers to the United States: be fully vaccinated and obtain a negative COVID-19 test within a day before their departure to the United States. All travelers, including U.S. citizens, lawful permanent residents, and foreign nationals, must show to the airline documentation of a negative viral test result taken within one day of the flight’s departure before boarding. The CDC recently shortened the testing time period from within three days before travel to within one day.
The Department of State (DOS) noted that the rescission of the travel ban does not necessarily mean that a local U.S. embassy or consulate can immediately schedule all affected applicants for visa interviews. DOS recommended that travelers check the embassy or consulate website for information on what services they are offering and instructions on how to apply for a visa.
- “A Proclamation on Revoking Proclamation 10315,” White House Briefing Room, Dec. 28, 2021, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/12/28/a-proclamation-on-revoking-proclamation-10315/
- “Rescission of Travel Restrictions on Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe,” Dept. of State, Dec. 28, 2021, https://bit.ly/3FLNsVL
2. U.S. Passport Fees Rose December 27
The fee for a U.S. passport book increased by $20 on December 27, 2021, the Department of State (DOS) announced, attributing the rise to a need “to ensure we continue to produce one of the most secure travel and identity documents in the world.”
As examples, the fee for renewing a U.S. passport book by mail was $110; as of December 27, that fee rose by 18.2% to $130.
DOS also said it plans to launch its long-awaited online passport renewal system by fall 2022. The system is undergoing pilot-testing by federal employees and contractors. President Biden issued an executive order on December 13, 2021, requiring a system that does not require physical documents to be mailed.
- “Fees for U.S. Passports Are About to Pop Way Up,” Dec. 22, 2021, https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/us-passport-fee-increase/index.html
- Tweet from Dept. of State, Dec. 20, 2021, https://twitter.com/TravelGov/status/1472997744600096771
- “Apply Early and Save,” Dept. of State, https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/how-apply/fees.html
- Passport fee chart (current fees before Dec. 27), https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/passports/forms-fees/Passport%20Fees%20Chart_TSG_JAN2021.pdf
- of State fee calculator, https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/how-apply/fees/fee-calculator.html
- “State Dept. Expects Long-Awaited Online Passport Renewal System to Launch by Fall 2022,” Federal News Network, Dec. 17, 2021, https://bit.ly/3mxBHdW
- Executive Order, White House, Dec. 13, 2021, https://bit.ly/3H39fbI
3. CBP Confirms Lifting of Temporary Travel Restrictions Between the United States and Canada, Mexico
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) published notices on December 23, 2021, announcing the lifting on November 8, 2021, of temporary restrictions that applied to non-essential travel by fully vaccinated travelers with proof of COVID-19 vaccination status entering via land ports and ferry service along the U.S. borders with Canada and Mexico.
- CBP notice (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 72842 (Dec. 23, 2021), https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2021-12-23/pdf/2021-28063.pdf
- CBP notice (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 72843 (Dec. 23, 2021), https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2021-12-23/pdf/2021-28064.pdf
4. State Dept. Proposes Raising Consular Service Fees for Nonimmigrant and Special Visas
The Department of State (DOS) has proposed raising fees for consular services for several nonimmigrant visa (NIV) application processing fees, the Border Crossing Card (BCC) for Mexican citizens age 15 and over, and the waiver of the two-year residency requirement fee for certain J exchange visitors. Specifically, the Department proposes:
- To increase the non-petition-based NIV fee from $160 to $245 per application. Non-petition-based NIVs include a variety of nonimmigrant visas, such as those for business and tourist travel (B1/B2); students and exchange visitors (F, M, and J); crew and transit visas (C and D); representatives of foreign media (I), and other country-specific visa classes, as well as BCCs for applicants age 15 or older who are citizens of and resident in Mexico.
- To increase fees for all petition-based NIVs related to employment in the United States from $190 to $310. Petition-based NIVs include categories for temporary workers and trainees (H); intracompany transferees (L); aliens of extraordinary ability (O); athletes, artists, and entertainers (P); international cultural exchange participants (Q); and religious workers (R).
- To increase the E category NIV fee from $205 to $485.
- To increase the J waiver fee from $120 to $510.
DOS will accept comments on the proposed rule until February 28, 2022.
- Proposed rule, Dept. of State, 86 Fed. Reg. 74018 (Dec. 29, 2021), https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2021-12-29/pdf/2021-28010.pdf
5. State Dept. Expands Waivers of In-Person Interviews for Certain Temporary Nonimmigrant Visa Applicants
The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Department of Homeland Security, has authorized consular officers to waive the in-person interview requirement for certain temporary employment nonimmigrant visa applicants who have a petition approved by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.
The new authorization applies to temporary workers applying for H-1, H-3, H-4, L, O, P, and Q visas who meet certain conditions, including that they are applying for a visa in their country of nationality or residence, the Department of State (DOS) said. In addition, the Secretary extended previously approved policies to waive the visa interview for certain students, professors, research scholars, short-term scholars, and specialists (F, M, and academic J visa applicants) through the end of 2022.
Additionally, the Secretary of State has extended consular officers’ ability to waive the in-person interview through December 31, 2022, for the following other categories of nonimmigrant visas: temporary agricultural and non-agricultural workers (H-2 visas), students (F and M visas), and student exchange visitors (academic J visas).
One change to the previous policy, DOS noted, is that applicants eligible for the waiver authority because they are citizens or nationals of a Visa Waiver Program (VWP) participating country must have previously traveled to the United States using an authorization obtained via the Electronic System for Travel Authorization to qualify.
DOS said it encourages applicants to check the website of the relevant U.S. embassy or consulate to confirm the level of services currently offered and to find guidelines for applying for a visa without an interview. Embassies and consulates may still require an in-person interview on a case-by-case basis and depending on local conditions, the agency noted.
- “Important Announcement on Waivers of the Interview Requirement for Certain Nonimmigrant Visas,” Dept. of State, Dec. 23, 2021, https://bit.ly/3HbODOx
- “Expanded Interview Waivers for Certain Nonimmigrant Visa Applicants,” Dept. of State, Media Note, Dec. 23, 2021, https://www.state.gov/expanded-interview-waivers-for-certain-nonimmigrant-visa-applicants/
- “Limited Operations at U.S. Consulates Keep Visa Holders on Edge,” Roll Call, Dec. 22, 2021, https://www.rollcall.com/2021/12/22/limited-operations-at-us-consulates-keep-visa-holders-on-edge/
6. State Dept. Updates Guidance on F-1, M-1 Student Intent to Depart and Residence Abroad Requirements
The Department of State (DOS) updated its Foreign Affairs Manual (FAM) on intent to depart and residence abroad requirements for F-1 and M-1 students. The guidance may also be useful for J-1 exchange visitors and Afghan scholars.
The guidance states that student visa applicants must possess a present intent to depart the United States at the conclusion of their approved activities, but that such intentions may be subject to, or even likely to, change and that this is not a sufficient reason to deny a visa. Further, the guidance notes, the present intent to depart does not imply a need to return to the country from which they hold a passport; it only means that they must intend to leave the United States upon completion of studies. A student can be considered as maintaining a residence abroad if he or she intends to return to reside with parents or guardians.
The guidance notes that students, who are typically young, are at a phase in life where they are not expected to necessarily have long-range plans or be able to fully explain what their plans are after they finish their studies. The guidance notes that the context of the residence abroad requirement for student visas inherently differs from the context for B visitor or other short-term visas: “It is natural that the student does not possess ties of property, employment, and continuity of life typical of B visa applicants.”
- 9 FAM 402.5-5(E)(1)(U), Residence Abroad Required, https://fam.state.gov/fam/09FAM/09FAM040205.html
7. State Dept. Changes DV-2022 Document Submission Processing Requirements
The Department of State (DOS) announced that as of December 9, 2021, individuals who were randomly selected to participate in the diversity visa (DV) program for fiscal year (FY) 2022 only need to submit to the Kentucky Consular Center (KCC) the DS-260 immigrant visa application form for themselves and any accompanying family members. Once the DS-260 is received for all applicants associated with a case, that case will be eligible to be scheduled for a visa interview.
DOS said that DV-2022 selectees no longer must submit to the KCC any other required supporting documents for DV-2022 to be eligible for an in-person interview at an embassy or consulate. Rather, all supporting documents for DV-2022 selectees will be collected in connection with the interview and evaluated at the embassy or consulate where the visa application is made. DOS said it is treating this as a “pilot program” and will assess the costs and benefits later in the program year.
- DOS update, Dec. 9, 2021, https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/News/visas-news/diversity-visa-2022-update.html
8. Certain Healthcare Workers Can Request Expedited Work Permits, USCIS Says
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that qualified healthcare workers who have pending employment authorization document (EAD) renewal applications and EADs that will expire in 30 days or less, or that have already expired, can request expedited processing of the EAD application.
Workers should check the related DHS advisory memorandum to determine whether they qualify. Workers requesting expedited processing of their EADs must provide evidence of their profession or current employment as a healthcare workers. To request expedited processing, workers should call the USCIS Contact Center at 800-375-5283 (TTY 800-767-1833).
- “How to Make an Expedite Request” (see “Alert: If you are a healthcare worker”), USCIS, https://www.uscis.gov/forms/filing-guidance/how-to-make-an-expedite-request
- “Advisory Memorandum on Ensuring Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers’ Ability to Work During the COVID-19 Response,” Dept. of Homeland Security, https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/essential_critical_infrastructure_workforce-guidance_v4.1_508.pdf
9. USCIS Extends Flexibilities for Responding to Certain Agency Requests
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is extending the flexibilities it originally announced on March 30, 2020, to assist applicants, petitioners, and requestors who are responding to certain requests.
The flexibilities apply if the issuance date listed on the request, notice, or decision is between March 1, 2020, and March 26, 2022, inclusive. USCIS said it will consider a response to such requests and notices received within 60 calendar days after the response due date set in the request or notice before taking any action.
The flexibilities cover responses to Requests for Evidence; Continuations to Request Evidence (N-14); Notices of Intent to Deny, Revoke, or Rescind; Notices of Intent to Terminate regional centers; and Motions to Reopen an N-400 Pursuant to 8 CFR 335.5, Receipt of Derogatory Information After Grant. In addition, USCIS will consider a Form I-290B, Notice of Appeal or Motion, or Form N-336, Request for a Hearing on a Decision in Naturalization Proceedings (Under Section 336 of the INA), if the form was filed up to 90 calendar days from issuance of a decision USCIS made, and the agency made that decision between November 1, 2021, and March 26, 2022, inclusive.
- USCIS alert, Dec. 30, 2021, https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/alerts/uscis-extends-flexibility-for-responding-to-agency-requests-0
10. USCIS Releases Fourth-Quarter Data Showing Persistent Backlogs, Some Progress
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) released fourth-quarter fiscal year (FY) 2021 reports offering a snapshot of statistics for the entire fiscal year. The agency noted:
- Employment-based adjustments: USCIS said it faced an unprecedented challenge of processing more than 237,000 employment-based permanent residence (green card) applications—which 122,000 immigrant visa numbers that the Department of State was unable to process in FY 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. By the end of FY 2021, USCIS had approved more than 172,000 employment-based adjustment of status applications, which the agency said was 50% above the typical baseline.
- Processing delays: Across the agency, the volume of pending cases increased as well as associated processing times. To address the backlogs, USCIS said it reused biometrics for 2.5 million applicants since March 2020; reduced the number of pending biometrics appointments from 1.4 million in January 2021 to 155,000 as of the end of September; and fully eliminated the “front-log” of cases awaiting intake processing (which was more than 1 million receipts in January 2021 and was eliminated in July) by expanding staffing and overtime at USCIS Lockbox facilities.
– Immigration and Citizenship Data, USCIS. The data reports are available in downloadable CSV and PDF formats. https://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports-and-studies/immigration-and-citizenship-data
– “USCIS Announces FY 2021 Accomplishments,” Dec. 16, 2021, https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/news-releases/uscis-announces-fy-2021-accomplishments
11. DHS Withdraws H-1B Selection Final Rule
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) published a final rule on December 22, 2021, that withdrew the “Modification of Registration Requirement for Petitioners Seeking to File Cap-Subject H-1B Petitions” final rule, also known as the H-1B Selection Final Rule, issued January 8, 2021. That rule was vacated by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California.
On September 15, 2021, the court in Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America et al. v. United States Department of Homeland Security, et al., No. 4:20–cv–07331 (N.D. Cal. March 19, 2021) vacated the H-1B Selection Final Rule. The rule would have changed the way USCIS selects H-1B registrations (or petitions, if registration is suspended) submitted by prospective petitioners seeking to file an H-1B cap-subject petition by ranking and selecting registrations based generally on corresponding wage levels.
DHS’s action follows a similar final rule from the Department of Labor, effective December 13, 2021.
- DHS alert, Dec. 21, 2021, https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/alerts/dhs-withdraws-h-1b-selection-final-rule
- “Modification of Registration Requirement for Petitioners Seeking to File Cap-Subject H-1B Petitions,” 86 Fed. Reg. 72516 (Dec. 22, 2021), https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2021-12-22/pdf/2021-27714.pdf
- “Strengthening Wage Protections for the Temporary and Permanent Employment of Certain Immigrants and Non-Immigrants in the United States, Implementation of Vacatur,” 86 Fed. Reg. 70729 (Dec. 13, 2021), https://bit.ly/3yg4s3k
12.Labor Dept. Implements Court Order Vacating Prevailing Wage Final Rule
The Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration (ETA) published a final rule, effective December 13, 2021, implementing a federal district court order vacating a controversial January 14, 2021, final rule that was initially promulgated in October 2020. The rule amended ETA regulations governing the prevailing wages for employment opportunities that U.S. employers seek to fill with foreign workers on a permanent or temporary basis through certain employment-based visas or through H-1B, H-1B1, or E-3 nonimmigrant visas.
The new final rule removes the regulatory text that DOL initially promulgated and restores the regulatory text to appear as it did before.
- “Strengthening Wage Protections for the Temporary and Permanent Employment of Certain Immigrants and Non-Immigrants in the United States, Implementation of Vacatur,” 86 Fed. Reg. 70729 (Dec. 13, 2021), https://bit.ly/3yg4s3k
13. Immigration Provisions of Social Spending Bill in Limbo as Senate Democrats Struggle With Parliamentarian Rejections, Uncertainties
After the Senate parliamentarian rejected a plan that included work permits and protection from deportation favored by Democrats for inclusion in the “social spending” budget reconciliation bill, lawmakers struggled to consider their options, including revisions to the immigration provisions or simply moving ahead without parliamentarian approval. Several Democratic senators issued a joint statement: “We strongly disagree with the Senate parliamentarian’s interpretation of our immigration proposal, and we will pursue every means to achieve a path to citizenship in the Build Back Better Act.”
The parliamentarian has not yet addressed other immigration provisions included in the social spending bill, such as green card backlog relief, and their fate remains uncertain.
- “Immigration Loss Leaves Democrats Eyeing Risky Alternatives,” Bloomberg Government, Dec. 17, 2021, https://about.bgov.com/news/immigration-defeat-leaves-democrats-eyeing-risky-alternatives/
- “Biden’s Build Back Better Delayed Until 2022, Immigration Reform Rejected in Bill,” U.S. News & World Report, Dec. 17, 2021, https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2021-12-17/bidens-build-back-better-delayed-until-2022-immigration-reform-rejected-in-bill
14. DHS Extends I-9 Flexibility to April 30, 2022
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) announced an extension of the flexibility policy in complying with certain physical inspection requirements related to Form I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification. The flexibility policy was set to expire December 31, 2021, but because of ongoing pandemic issues, DHS extended it until April 30, 2022.
DHS said that eligible employees working exclusively in remote settings are temporarily exempt from the physical inspection requirements associated with the Employment Eligibility Verification (Form I-9) until they undertake non-remote employment on a regular, consistent, or predictable basis, or the extension of the flexibilities related to such requirements is terminated, whichever is earlier. If employees are physically present at a work location, no exceptions are being implemented now for in-person verification of identity and employment eligibility documentation.
Employers are advised to monitor the DHS and ICE workforce enforcement announcements for updates on ending the extension and resuming normal operations. E-Verify participants who meet the criteria and choose the remote inspection option should continue to follow current guidance and create cases for their new hires within three business days from the date of hire, DHS said.
- ICE Announces Extension to Compliance Flexibility, Dec. 15, 2021, https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/ice-announces-extension-i-9-compliance-flexibility-3
15. Justice Dept. Adjusts Certain Immigration-Related Penalties on Employers
The Department of Justice has adjusted for inflation the civil monetary penalties assessed after December 13, 2021, for violations occurring after November 2, 2015. The adjustments made by the final rule are based on the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Price Index for October 2020.
The final rule includes a table showing the old and new penalties. For example:
- In 2016, “unlawful employment of aliens, first order (per unauthorized alien)” the penalty was a minimum of $539 to a maximum of $4,313. Now the minimum is $590 and the maximum is $4,722.
- For a second such violation, the minimum in 2016 was $4,313 and the maximum was $10,781; now the minimum is $4,722 and the maximum is $11,803.
- DOJ final rule, 86 Fed. Reg. 70740 (Dec. 13, 2021), https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2021-12-13/pdf/2021-26817.pdf
16. Labor Dept. Issues H-2A FAQ on Wage Disclosure and Calculation Requirements for Agricultural Clearance Orders
The Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration (ETA) has released a set of frequently asked questions (FAQ) related to the wage disclosure and calculation requirements for agricultural clearance orders, including in the H-2A temporary labor certification program.
The FAQ reminds State Workforce Agencies that they must check an employer’s piece rate offer, estimated in hourly wage rate equivalents for each activity and unit size, when reviewing the Forms ETA-790A and 790B (collectively referred to as “agricultural clearance orders”) and to clarify related wage disclosure and calculation requirements of these forms for employers.
- ETA announcement, Dec. 29, 2021, https://www.dol.gov/agencies/eta/foreign-labor
17. Smuggling, Forced Labor Ring Busted in Indictment
Two dozen defendants were indicted on federal conspiracy charges after a transnational, multi-year investigation into an alleged human smuggling and labor trafficking operation that illegally imported agricultural workers from Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, fraudulently using the H-2A visa program, and kept them in brutal conditions on Georgia farms, the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of Georgia announced.
The newly unsealed, 54-count indictment in USA v. Patricio et al. details felony charges resulting from “Operation Blooming Onion,” an Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces (OCDETF) investigation. The multi-agency investigation, led by Homeland Security Investigations and other federal agencies, spanned at least three years. The 53-page indictment documents dozens of victims of “modern-day slavery” brought to the United States as contract agricultural laborers.
According to a statement from the U.S. Attorney’s Office, exploitation of the workers included “being required to dig onions with their bare hands, paid 20 cents for each bucket harvested, and threatened with guns and violence to keep them in line. The workers were held in cramped, unsanitary quarters and fenced work camps with little or no food, limited plumbing and without safe water. The conspirators are accused of raping, kidnapping and threatening or attempting to kill some of the workers or their families, and in many cases [the conspirators] sold or traded the workers to other conspirators. At least two of the workers died as a result of workplace conditions.” The perpetrators are alleged to have received more than $200 million from the scheme, which also included money laundering and witness intimidation and tampering.
- “Human Smuggling, Forced Labor Among Allegations in South Georgia Federal Indictment,” U.S. Attorney’s Office, Southern District of Georgia, Nov. 22, 2021, https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdga/pr/human-smuggling-forced-labor-among-allegations-south-georgia-federal-indictment
- Indictment: USA v. Patricio et al., https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdga/press-release/file/1450546/download
- “Feds Bust ‘Modern-Day Slavery’ Ring Amid New Immigration Enforcement Effort,” NBC News, Dec. 9, 2021, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/feds-bust-modern-day-slavery-ring-new-effort-immigration-enforcement-rcna8273
18. Labor Dept. Issues Final Rule on Adjudication of H-2A Applications for Temporary and Seasonal Range Workers for Herding and Production of Livestock
Effective January 18, 2022, the Department of Labor (DOL) is amending its regulations regarding the adjudication of temporary need for employers seeking to employ nonimmigrant workers for herding or production of livestock on the range. Consistent with a court-approved settlement agreement, the final rule rescinds a regulatory provision that governed the period of need for such jobs under the H-2A visa classification to ensure that DOL’s adjudication of temporary or seasonal need is conducted in the same manner for all applications for temporary agricultural labor certification.
Specifically, in this final rule, DOL is eliminating a presumptive period of need for employment involving range herding and an absolute restriction on the period of need for employment involving range livestock activities. Instead, all employers applying for H-2A temporary agricultural labor certifications under the final rule must individually demonstrate that their need for workers is temporary or seasonal, regardless of occupation.
- DOL final rule, 86 Fed. Reg. 71373 (Dec. 16, 2021), https://bit.ly/3qbZNMn
19. Labor Dept. Issues 2022 Adverse Effect Wage Rates for H-2A Range, Non-Range Occupations
The Department of Labor published notices with the 2022 Adverse Effect Wage Rates (AEWR) for the employment of temporary or seasonal workers to perform range (herding or production of livestock) and non-range agricultural labor or services.
- The AEWR for range occupations is effective January 1, 2022. The notice states that employers of range workers must pay each worker a wage that is at least the highest of the monthly AEWR of $1,807.23, the agreed-upon collective bargaining wage, or the applicable minimum wage.
- The AEWR for non-range occupations is effective December 29, 2021. A state-by-state chart shows non-range AEWRs by state, from a low of $11.99 in Alabama to a high of $17.51 in California.
– DOL notice (non-range), 86 Fed. Reg. 71282 (Dec. 15, 2021), https://bit.ly/3qbZNMn
20. For First Time, DHS to Supplement H-2B Cap With Additional Visas in First Half of Fiscal Year
The Departments of Homeland Security (DHS) and Labor (DOL) announced on December 20, 2021, the forthcoming publication of a joint temporary final rule to make available an additional 20,000 H-2B temporary nonagricultural worker visas for fiscal year (FY) 2022. These visas will be set aside for U.S. employers seeking to employ additional workers on or before March 31, 2022, DHS said.
The agency said, “This supplemental cap marks the first time that DHS is making additional H-2B visas available in the first half of the fiscal year. Earlier this year, USCIS received enough petitions for returning workers to reach the additional 22,000 H-2B visas made available under the FY 2021 H-2B supplemental visa temporary final rule.”
The supplemental H-2B visa allocation consists of 13,500 visas available to returning workers who received an H-2B visa, or were otherwise granted H-2B status, during one of the last three fiscal years, DHS noted. The remaining 6,500 visas, which are exempt from the returning worker requirement, are reserved for nationals of Haiti and the Northern Triangle countries of Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador.
- DHS release, Dec. 20, 2021, https://www.dhs.gov/news/2021/12/20/first-time-dhs-supplement-h-2b-cap-additional-visas-first-half-fiscal-year
21. OFLC Reminds Employers That H-2B Filing Window Started January 1
The Department of Labor’s Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC) reminded employers and other stakeholders that the filing window for employers of H-2B workers opened on January 1, 2022, to submit Form ETA-9142B, Application for Temporary Employment Certification, with appendices, requesting work start dates of April 1, 2022, or later. OFLC warned that H-2B applications requesting an April 1, 2022, work start date would be denied if they were filed before January 1, 2022.
OFLC said it would randomly order for processing all H-2B applications requesting a work start date of April 1, 2022, that were filed during the initial three calendar days (January 1-3, 2022) using randomization procedures. Each day, from January 2 through January 4, 2022, OFLC planned to publish on the Foreign Labor Application Gateway System the number of H-2B applications received to date and the total number of requested worker positions on those applications.
“H-2B Application Filing Timelines for 2022 Peak Filing Season,” OFLC, Dec. 20, 2021, https://www.dol.gov/agencies/eta/foreign-labor/news
I-94/E-VERIFY WEBINARS
Immigrant and employee rights webinars. The Department of Justice’s Immigrant and Employee Rights Section (IER), of the Civil Rights Division, is offering a number of free webinars for workers, employers, and advocates. For more information, see https://www.justice.gov/crt/webinars.
E-Verify webinar schedule. E-Verify has released its calendar of webinars at https://www.e-verify.gov/calendar-field_date_and_time/month.
AGENCY PROCESSING TIMES
USCIS case processing times: https://egov.uscis.gov/processing-times/
US Department of Labor: https://flag.dol.gov/processingtimes
Department of State Visa Bulletin: https://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/law-and-policy/bulletin.html
COVID-19 RESOURCES
COVID-19 resources. The response of the U.S. immigration agencies to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is constantly evolving, making it difficult to report relevant information that is not rendered immediately obsolete. The list of online resources below is intended to serve as a quick reference to the most current available agency information.
General Information
Coronavirus.gov: Primary federal site for general coronavirus information
USA.gov/coronavirus: Catalog of U.S. government’s response to coronavirus
CDC.gov/coronavirus: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention information
American Immigration Lawyers Association: (links to practice alerts on this site are restricted to members)
Immigration Agency Information
Department of Homeland Security: DHS.gov/coronavirus
– https://www.dhs.gov/coronavirus-news-updates
USCIS: USCIS.gov/coronavirus
ICE:
– Overview and FAQs: https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus
– Requirements for ICE Detention Facilities: https://www.ice.gov/doclib/coronavirus/eroCOVID19response
CBP:
– Updates and Announcements: https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/coronavirus
– Accessing I-94 Information: https://i94.cbp.dhs.gov/I94/#/home
Department of Labor:
– OFLC Announcements (COVID-19 announcements included here): https://www.foreignlaborcert.doleta.gov/
– COVID-19 FAQs:
Round 1 (Mar. 20, 2020): https://www.foreignlaborcert.doleta.gov/pdf/DOL-OFLC_COVID-19_FAQs_Round%201_03.20.2020.pdf
Round 2 (Apr. 1, 2020): https://www.foreignlaborcert.doleta.gov/pdf/DOL-OFLC_COVID-19_FAQs_Round%202_04.01.2020.pdf
Round 3 (Apr. 9, 2020): https://www.foreignlaborcert.doleta.gov/pdf/DOL-OFLC_COVID-19_FAQs_Round%203.pdf
State Department: https://www.state.gov/coronavirus/
Travel advisories: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/ea/covid-19-information.html
Country-specific information: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/COVID-19-Country-Specific-Information.html
J-1 exchange visitor information: https://j1visa.state.gov/covid-19/
Justice Department
Executive Office for Immigration Review: https://www.justice.gov/eoir/eoir-operational-status-during-coronavirus-pandemic
AGENCY TWITTER ACCOUNTS
EOIR: @DOJ_EOIR
ICE: @ICEgov
Study in the States: @StudyinStates
USCIS: @USCIS
I-9 AND E-VERIFY WEBINARS
USCIS and Immigrant and employee rights webinars. The Department of Justice’s Immigrant and Employee Rights Section, Civil Rights Division,has joined with USCIS to present webinars on employee rights during the E-Verify and Form I-9 employment eligibility verification processes. For more information or to register, see: https://www.justice.gov/crt/webinars.
E-Verify webinar schedule: https://www.e-verify.gov/calendar-field_date_and_time/month/202004.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
This newsletter was prepared in collaboration with ABIL, the Alliance of Business Immigration Lawyers, comprised of twenty U.S. immigration lawyers who head some of the top immigration practices in the country. Larrabee Albi Coker LLP is an active member of ABIL.
Legal Disclaimer: This newsletter is provided for informational purposes only and does not substitute for legal advice based on the circumstances of a specific matter.